What Are Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectum and anus. They are a common condition, affecting nearly three out of four adults at some point in their lives. They can be internal, meaning they are inside the rectum, or external, meaning they are outside the anus. While hemorrhoids are generally not a serious health concern, they can be uncomfortable and painful. This comprehensive guide will delve into the definition, causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, home remedies, prevention strategies, and when to seek medical attention for hemorrhoids.

Definition of Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins in the lower rectum and anus. These veins typically act as cushions to support the anus and regulate bowel movements. However, when these veins become enlarged and engorged with blood, they can cause discomfort, pain, and even bleeding. Hemorrhoids can be internal, meaning they are located inside the rectum, or external, meaning they are located outside the anus. Both types of hemorrhoids can cause symptoms, although external hemorrhoids are more likely to be noticeable and painful.

Hemorrhoids are classified into two main types: internal and external.

• Internal hemorrhoids are located inside the rectum and are usually not visible. They may cause bleeding during bowel movements, but they rarely cause pain.

• External hemorrhoids are located outside the anus and are usually visible. They can be painful, especially during bowel movements, and may cause itching and discomfort.

External hemorrhoids can also become thrombosed, which means a blood clot forms inside the hemorrhoid. This can cause significant pain and swelling. It's important to consult a doctor for any persistent or severe symptoms to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.

Diagnosis of Hemorrhoids

In most cases, a physical exam is sufficient to diagnose hemorrhoids. Your doctor will examine your rectal area, asking you about your symptoms and medical history. If needed, they might recommend a digital rectal exam, which involves inserting a gloved finger into the rectum to check for internal hemorrhoids. In some cases, your doctor might recommend a proctoscopy or anoscopy, which involve inserting a thin, lighted instrument into the rectum to get a better view of the affected area.