Grades / Severity Levels of Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are classified into four grades based on their severity and protrusion:

Grade I

Internal hemorrhoids that do not protrude from the anus.

Grade II

Internal hemorrhoids that protrude from the anus during defecation but retract on their own.

Grade III

Internal hemorrhoids that protrude from the anus during defecation and require manual manipulation to retract.

Grade IV

Internal hemorrhoids that are permanently prolapsed and cannot be retracted.

The grade of hemorrhoids determines the most appropriate treatment approach. For instance, Grade I and II hemorrhoids can often be managed with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications. However, more severe cases, such as Grade III and IV, may require surgical intervention.

Causes and Risk Factors

Hemorrhoids develop when the veins in the rectum and anus become swollen and inflamed. This can happen due to increased pressure in these veins, often caused by:

• Straining during bowel movements due to constipation.

• Prolonged sitting or standing.

• Pregnancy.

• Obesity.

• Age.

• A family history of hemorrhoids.

• Certain medical conditions, such as liver disease or heart failure.

Understanding the causes and risk factors can help individuals make lifestyle modifications to reduce their risk of developing hemorrhoids. For example, maintaining a healthy weight, eating a high-fiber diet, and engaging in regular physical activity can help prevent constipation and reduce pressure on the rectal veins.